Caracterización de los residuos sólidos urbanos y desperdicios de alimentos del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito

Xavier Oña-Serrano; Oswaldo Viteri-Salazar; Juan José Cadillo Benalcázar; Xavier  Buenaño Guerra

doi:10.46380/rias.vol5.e230

Autores

Xavier Oña-Serrano Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-3104
Oswaldo Viteri-Salazar Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ecuador https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2552-0603
Juan José Cadillo Benalcázar Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9747-926X
Xavier Buenaño Guerra Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4014-9104

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46380/rias.vol5.e230

Palavras-chave:

aterro sanitário, gases de efeito estufa, padrão metabólico, rede metabólica

Resumo

O Distrito Metropolitano de Quito gera resíduos sólidos urbanos com significativa composição orgânica, a partir de resíduos de alimentos, que produzem gases de efeito estufa e contribuem para o aquecimento global e as mudanças climáticas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi quantificar o desperdício de alimentos em domicílios em Quito, caracterizar o metabolismo da gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos na cidade e estimar a contribuição dessa gestão para as emissões de gases de efeito estufa. A pesquisa é quantitativa do tipo exploratória. Um questionário foi usado para coletar informações primárias, as informações secundárias foram obtidas por revisão de literatura. Aplicou-se a metodologia de redes metabólicas e a ferramenta de cálculo de gases de efeito estufa. A quantidade total de desperdício alimentar foi de aproximadamente 202 kg/semana, em média 0.76 kg/semana/domicílio. Conforme os resultados da rede metabólica de gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos, foram aportadas ao aterro 543 967 t; e 6 273 t para reciclagem. A emissão estimada de gases foi de 934 088 t CO₂-eq/ano. A caracterização da gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos identificou o padrão metabólico do sistema, fluxos que são devolvidos à sociedade por meio da reciclagem e saídas úteis como compostagem e biogás.

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